RESUMO As telhas de aço usadas em galpões de fazendas expostas às intempéries ficam vulneráveis à degradação. A corrosão surge devido à diferença de potencial elétrico entre a superfície metálica e o meio, levando a um carregamento elétrico dessa superfície. Elas então necessitam da proteção de um recobrimento anticorrosivo, cujo objetivo é aumentar sua vida útil. Atualmente um recobrimento usado para diminuir os efeitos do sol e da chuva em telhas metálicas é o de zincalume, que consiste em uma liga de zinco e alumínio. Este recobrimento permite a combinação do zinco com alumínio, que alia a resistência por barreira do primeiro ao bom desempenho do segundo em proteger bordas e pequenas descontinuidades. Este produto mantém a força estrutural do aço-base e confere alta resistência à corrosão atmosférica, interrompendo a corrente elétrica. Neste trabalho foi analisada a degradação das telhas de aço recobertas com uma camada de zincalume sujeita à ação do tempo. Análises com fluorescência de raios X foram utilizadas a fim de se verificar a composição química das amostras estudadas. Foram realizadas também análises macrográficas e micrográficas, a fim de se avaliar a degradação das telhas.

ABSTRACT The steel roof tiles used in farm sheds are vulnerable to the action of weathering. The corrosion arises due to difference of electrical potential between the metallic surface and the environment, leading to an electrical load of this surface. They need a protection, an anticorrosive coating, whose purpose is to increase the lifetime. Zincalume is a kind of coating currently used to decrease the effects of sun and rain in the metal roof tiles. This coating consists of an alloy of zinc and aluminum. The Zincalume coating allows the combination of zinc and aluminum by combining the barrier resistance offered by the first one and the good performance of the second one in protecting edges and small discontinuities. This product maintains the structural strength of the steel base and provides high resistance to atmospheric corrosion leading to the interruption of the electrical current. The degradation of steel roofing coated with a layer of zincalume subject to weathering was analyzed in this work. Analysis with X-ray fluorescence was used to verify the chemical composition of the studied samples. Macrographic and micrographic analyzes were also carried out in order to evaluate the degradation of the roof tiles.

Abstract Process analyses foster opportunities for identifying losses during the production process and consequently, provide courses of action to enhance the process with operational parameters that are compatible with the targeted results. In this study, a thermochemical model was developed in order to monitor the performance of coke-based blast furnaces, focusing on tools for calculating and graphically displaying parameters that facilitate interpretation of the internal phenomena. To apply the model, a database was prepared based on operational simulations of blast furnaces. The input parameters for the model consisted of the properties and consumption of raw materials and the mass and thermal balances of the process. The thermochemical model is based on the calculation of the degree of reduction of the metallic burden in the preparation zone, defined as the omega factor. It was found that the omega factor varies significantly with the CO/CO2ratio and %H2of the top gas. The results obtained by applying this model were coherent, thus validating it as a predictive tool for assessing the sensitivity of the omega factor, which has a major effect on carbon consumption.

The use of scrap tires in the coal blends is an alternative to reduction of coke production costs as well as mitigates the impact caused by tire accumulation in the environment. Tests were carried out on a pilot scale, with coal blends and waste tire in 4 levels and 3 particle sizes, in order to assess the impact on the produced coke quality, especially on the Strength after Reaction with CO2 - CSR and Drum Index (DI150-15). In addition, it evaluated the mechanical resistance to compression, punctual chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis beyond the carbonaceous matrix-tire interface by SEM microscopy. The results from the coking tests showed that addition of up to 3% of the average ground tire (20-30mm) with steel mesh, raised either as CSR DI150-15, making feasible added also from a technical point of view.